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<text id=90TT2687>
<title>
Oct. 08, 1990: Sweetness And Not A Lot of Light
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
Oct. 08, 1990 Do We Care About Our Kids?
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
RELIGION, Page 77
Sweetness and Not a Lot of Light
</hdr>
<body>
<p>A papal decree on higher education avoids conflict--for now
</p>
<p> Since the 1987 Vatican-inspired ouster of the Rev. Charles
Curran from the theology faculty at Washington's Catholic
University of America, educators have nervously waited for the
first papal decree setting overall policy in higher education.
Would John Paul II, who is determined to restrict dissident
theologians, lay the ground for further purges? When the decree
was finally issued last week, most academicians greeted it with
relief. It seemed to be an endorsement of free intellectual
investigation and the autonomy of academic institutions. But
while the Pope had decided against a strategy of direct
confrontation, there were passages in the decree that, as one
U.S. theologian put it, resembled an "undetonated grenade" in
their potential to cause future conflict.
</p>
<p> Curran is hardly the only U.S. Catholic religious teacher
who disagrees with official church policy on birth control,
abortion and homosexuality, the issues that brought on his
demission. Diversity and non-orthodoxy are frequently the rule
rather than the exception at the 230 U.S. Catholic colleges and
universities, especially on sexual issues and on the Pope's
adamant opposition to women priests. Indeed, many of the
country's diverse Catholic postsecondary schools resemble
secular institutions more than purely religious ones.
</p>
<p> The decree, which came after consultations with educators
in 40 countries, cloaks any differences with that pluralistic
tradition in bland language. But it states that faculties are
expected to follow "the teaching authority of the Church in
matters of faith and morals." Schools will normally run their
own affairs, but they will also have "a special bond with the
Holy See." In a surprise inclusion, the Pontiff states that the
majority of teachers at Catholic institutions must be Catholics
themselves.
</p>
<p> Even more restrictively, the Pope directs local bishops to
take "the initiatives necessary" to strengthen a school's
Catholic character. The decree's most contentious elements are
printed in the smallest type: footnotes cite clauses in the 1983
Code of Canon Law that mandate a local bishop's prior approval
for appointments of religion teachers and that empower bishops
to remove dissident faculty, although it is unclear how that
would be accomplished.
</p>
<p> Bishops around the world are called upon to write
regulations tailoring the Pope's "general norms" to their own
situations. According to Archbishop Pio Laghi, new head of the
Vatican education office (and former Vatican pro-nuncio, or
ambassador, to the U.S.), each nation's bishops will bear the
responsibility of enforcing the regulations--though perhaps
by acting collectively, not as individuals.
</p>
<p> Many educators who had lobbied strenuously with Rome to
protect the status quo declared themselves satisfied with the
result. Says the Rev. William Byron, president of Catholic
University: "Nothing is being rammed down our throats." Because
of antidiscrimination laws, the mandate for a majority of
Catholic faculty will be "unenforceable," predicts Father Thomas
Reese, a member of the Woodstock Theological Center at
Georgetown University. Vatican officials too say they aim at
"flexibility," not demands imposed from on high.
</p>
<p> But some Catholic thinkers are less sanguine. The Rev.
Richard McBrien, theology chairman at the University of Notre
Dame, warns that the document's insistence on adherence to
church teachings fails to recognize that "not all teachings are
equally authoritative--and some are wrong." And while major
institutions like Notre Dame might be immune to the pressure of
a conservative local bishop, McBrien says that "a right-wing
bishop could move in on a smaller institution, and the board
would cave in." The key question is whether the decree's
ambiguous language will inspire any bishops to do just that.
</p>
<p>By Richard N. Ostling. Reported by Robert T. Zintl/Rome, with
other bureaus.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>